Inner Vision an Exploration of Art and the Brain, by...

Inner Vision: an Exploration of Art and the Brain, by Semir Zeki Is artistic expression intertwined with the inner workings of the brain more than we would ever have imagined? Author and cognitive neuroscientist Semir Zeki certainly thinks so. Zeki is a leading authority on the research surrounding the visual brain. In his book Inner Vision, he ventures to explain to the reader how our brain actually perceives different works of art, and seeks to provide a biological basis for the theory of aesthetics. With careful attention to details and organization, he manages to explain the brain anatomy and physiology involved when viewing different works of art without sounding impossibly complicated – a definite plus for scientists and†¦show more content†¦After hearing this idea, I was very surprised and excited to see that Zeki had actually devoted all of chapter 3 to dispelling the myth of the seeing eye. Here he specifically points out that a painter does not paint with her eye; she paints with her brain (13). I was especially pleased t hat Zeki made this point, since we so easily forget that the eye is merely the organ through which the brain receives filtered input from the outside world. While it is true that our ability to see depends on the eye and the brain working hand in hand, and damage in either one will ultimately affect the other, only the brain is capable of transforming the necessary input or output so that we are able to see the painting before us. The eye only serves to transmit these signals from the outside world, to the brain, and back again. We only tend to think that people see with their eyes because of well-meaning but incorrect figures of speech commonly spoken in society (13-14). For example, we may hear something like she has a good eye for painting ocean scenes or she eyes the angle of the Golden Gate Bridge just right – look how well she can sketch every line and curve on paper. Hearing statements such as these very often will eventually mislead us into thinking that it is only wi th the eye that one sees. Another hotly debated issue within our class is if the brain does really equal behavior. Up until I read this book, I had always beenShow MoreRelatedOPTICAL ILLUSIONS: The Art of Deception of Perception Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesin Paris, Festival of 30 June 1878(Figure 3), which illustrates a scene of a festive street, but most people do not connect Monet’s Rue Montorgueil in Paris, Festival of 30 June 1878 with optical illusions. They fail to realize that all art is an optical illusion. A painting is really nothing more than one great optical illusion, â€Å"something that deceives by producing a false or misleading impression of reality† (Optical illusion 1). When you look at a painting you see a scene

Maya Angelou Essay - 1019 Words

Maya Angelou is an American author who is known for her poetry and novels that lyrically illustrate the experiences of African Americans and also acts as a spokesperson for black pride and heritage (St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture). Although she speaks for people of color, her messages of hope and strength appeal to people of all ages and races. Angelou is best known for her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, in which she recalls herself as a young African American girl finding self-confidence in a highly prejudice world. Maya Angelou’s work should still be taught in schools today because of her focus on civil rights and feminism, which continues to be a pressing issue in today’s society. Born†¦show more content†¦The first biography in her series and the book she is most known for, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings(Italicize), gives insight into how young African Americans saw the world (Themes and Construction: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.). She talks about the many women who had contributed to her success in life, including her mother, grandmother, and high-school teacher (Themes and Construction: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.). She explains their similar struggles through childhood and how that taught her to push through what she was going through. She portrays the male support as negative with no help from them towards her success. The novel is a feminist manifesto that tells the story of a shy, awkward, segregated black girl who blossoms into a confident, headstrong woman (Themes and Construction: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.). This theme is showed within in the novel as Angelou writes The fact that the adult American Negro female e merges a formidable character is often met with amazement, distaste and even belligerence. It is seldom accepted as an inevitable outcome of the struggle won by survivors and deserves respect if not enthusiastic acceptance, (Angelou, Maya. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.). Although it is anShow MoreRelatedEssay On Maya Angelou1879 Words   |  8 PagesMaya Angelou is one of the most important American Authors who ever lived. She was an African-American woman who spoke her mind and when someone told her she couldn’t do something, it made her want to do it even more so that she could prove them wrong (Shapiro). Her life was incredibly difficult, but it made her who she was and influenced her writing and poetry immensely. As Gary Younge once said, â€Å"To know her life story is to simultaneously wonder what on earth you have been doing with yourRead More Maya Angelou Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pages Maya Angelou is a phenomenal woman. She was born into a devastating decade, that suffered numerous tragedies. Not only had society shaped her as a woman, she has also shaped our society and influenced many lives. She is still living today, yet I believe her legend will never die. Furthermore I will share with you what motivated her and some of her gratifying experiences. How she was effected by society, and what she did about it. Also how the time period she was born into made her the extraordinaryRead More Maya Angelou Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesthe time she was born, Maya Angelou was subjected to racism, rape, grief and dehumanization. She beared enough emotional stress in a time frame that most people dont experience in a lifetime. Yet she prevailed. She forced herself to become stronger. And in doing so, she produced writings, which in turn, helped others to become strong. Her experiences and the lessons learned gave her confidence to be a teacher, a preacher, and an inspiration to millions. Maya Angelou was courageous. BasedRead MoreEssay on Maya Angelou1185 Words   |  5 PagesDistress in Maya Angelous Life Marguerite Ann Johnson, commonly known as Maya Angelou, was born on April 4, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. She is a famous African-American poet, novelist, and playwright and also worked during the civil rights: Angelou is a very remarkable Renaissance woman who hailed as one of the great voices of contemporary literature (www.mayaangelou.com). She is also an activist in civil-rights. Angelou went through many controversies during her childhood and adulthood; herRead MoreEssay on Maya Angelou612 Words   |  3 Pages Maya Angelou was born April 4, 1928. Her real name is Marguerite Johnson, but she later changed it to Maya. She was born in St. Louis, shortly after her birth her family up and move to Arkansaw. Maya grew up there in the rural parts of Arkansaw, and later married to a South African Freedom Fighter. She lived in Cairo with him, there she began her career as editor of the Arab Observer. At the request of Dr. Martin Lutheran King Jr., she became the northern coordinator for the Southern Christian LeadershipRead More Maya Angelou Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesMaya Angelou      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By consistently weaving the theme of motherhood into her literature, Maya Angelou creates both personal narratives and poems that the reader can relate to. Her exploration of this universal theme lends itself to a very large and diverse audience.   Throughout Angelous works, she allows her followers to witness her metamorphosis through different aspects of motherhood.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Well-worked themes are always present in Angelous works-   self-Read MoreMaya Angelou Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesMaya Angelou was an inspiring activist, poet, and woman. Angelou was born in St. Louis, Missouri on April 4, 1928. Throughout her lifetime she explored her career options as an actress, dancer, singer, writer, and editor among many other careers. Angelou had a tough childhood. Her parents divorced when she was very young and she was sent to live with her grandmother in Arkansas along with her brother Bailey. As an African American, Angelou experienced discrimination and racial prejudices. AngelouRead MoreEssay about The Writings of Maya Angelou 1920 Words   |  8 PagesMaya Angelou is an author and poet who has risen to fame for her emotionally filled novels and her deep, heartfelt poetry. Her novels mainly focus on her life and humanity with special emphasis on her ideas of what it means to live. The way she utilizes many different s tyles to grab and keep readers’ attention through something as simple as an autobiography is astounding. This command of the English language and the grace with which she writes allows for a pleasant reading experience. Her styleRead MoreEssay about Maya Angelou1434 Words   |  6 Pages Maya Angelou is one of the most influential and talented African American writers of our modern day. Those who read Angelou‘s works should not pass the thought of where her influence came from. Maya Angelou’s work has been heavily affected by the era in which she began to write. The fifties and sixties were a tumultuous time for most African-Americans in the US. The civil-rights movement, led by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the National Urban League, MartinRead More Maya Angelou: A Source of Humanity Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou: A Source of Humanity I am human, Angelou said, and nothing human can be alien to me (Shafer). Maya Angelou just may be the most human person in the world. Indeed, with all of the struggles she went through in her early life, her humanness increasingly deepened. Her life was characterized by the instability of her childhood and her family, along with the challenge of being a black woman growing up in 19th century America. The deepness of her humanness is evident in all

Analysis Of The Poem At Fourteen - 866 Words

Young minds are often portray as stews of hormones and impulse, however the choices they make are frequently deeply based on theory and worthy of being treated in a particular way of greater consideration. The poem of â€Å"At Sixteen† suggests raging hormones, girls, and everyday life leads to a consistent struggle for teens because sixteen years old don’t think critically like an adult; for example their minds are immature. The literary elements of this poem such as tone, character type, symbol, mode of criticisms are the key to understanding the poem and a necessary feature of storytelling that can be found in a written fiction. Edward Hirsh, who was born in Chicago, wrote â€Å"At Sixteen† and published in 1996. According to Hirsh biography, his â€Å"childhood was involved with poetry and became a well-known advocate for poetry as he grew†. In the poem of â€Å"At Sixteen†, an individual man had a natural strong desire to satisfy a carnal appetite with women. He was a waiter at a downtown restaurant and took his girlfriend to parties on Saturdays who wanted to get married and get pregnant. The other waiters laughed at his appetite when he wanted her so much he thought he die for it because she cared and loved for him. Furthermore, he hasn’t decided he wanted to â€Å"close the steel door† or sty with his girlfriend permanent and later out of blue, got a new job in a warehouse next to the factory where dozens of women feeding machines. The individual character has an appetite for women. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem At Fourteen 844 Words   |  4 Pagesbase on theory and worthy of being treated in a particular way of greater consideration. The poem of â€Å"At Sixteen† suggests raging hormones, girls, and everyday life leads to consistent struggle for teens because at sixteen you don’t think as an adult; their minds are immature. The literary elements of this poem such as tone, character type, symbol, mode of criticisms are the key to understanding the poem and a necessary feature of verbal telling storytelling that can be found in a written fictionRead MoreThe Poetry Of Harlem And Women Have Loved Before As I Love Now925 Words   |  4 Pagesgrabs the attention of everyone who is reading this phenomenal poem. Of the two poems listed in this essay, this opening statement is more attention-grabbing and is a fantastic hook to being with. Harlem and Women Have Loved Before As I Love Now, are ideally comparable and contrastable. The meanings of the poems and the authors of the poems are some topics that are different in these poems. The style of the poems and length of the poems are the other topics that are the same and are comparable to thisRead MoreThe Comparison of Two Love Poems634 Words   |  3 PagesThe poem â€Å"How Do I Love Thee†, by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and â€Å"What Lips My Lips Have Kissed†, by Edna Vincent Millay are both well-known poems that both have themes of love. (LIT, Kirszner Mandell, Pg. 490). In both poems the poet helps the reader experience a lot of emotion with the use of certain words. There are speakers in both poems. In Mrs. Browning’s poem, the speaker is undefined, leaving open that the speaker could be a he or she. Millay’s poem which is written in first person, theRead MoreSonnet Analysis : Ozymandias And The Second Coming1253 Words   |  6 Pages Sonnet Analysis: Ozymandias and The Second Coming Name: Date: Sonnet Analysis: Ozymandias and The Second Coming Ozymandias and The Second Coming are interesting pieces that easily capture the attention of the reader. From the titles to themes and other literary elements, it is indisputable that indeed these pieces qualify for analysis. There are major themes that come out in each of the sonnets. To start with The Second Coming, some of the themes that emerge include good versus evilRead More An Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essay example1241 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73      Ã‚   Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare is widely read and studied. But what is Shakespeare   trying to say? Though it seems there will not be a simple answer, for a better understanding of Shakespeares Sonnet 73, this essay offers an explication of the sonnet from The Norton Anthology of English Literature:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That time of year thou mayst in me behold   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   UponRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonnet 116 By William Shakespeare867 Words   |  4 Pageswork with an adapting or suitable individuals Therefore, according to my close reading analysis the poem (Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare) is a fourteen line poem that is organized into three quatrains, ending with a rhymed couplet. It also has a regular stress pattern which makes the reader to go through some difficulty in understanding what the author is trying to convey in his poem. The first quatrain of the poem began with a statement to puzzle upon ‘’Let me not to the marriage of true mind/Admit impedimentsRead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 PagesAbrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blake’s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At the age of twenty-one, Blake completed his seven-year apprenticeship and began to work onRead MoreMarriage Of Love By William Shakespeare885 Words   |  4 Pageswork with an adapting or suitable individuals Therefore, according to my close reading analysis the poem (Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare) is a fourteen line poem that is organized into three quatrains, ending with a rhymed couplet. It also has a regular stress pattern which makes the reader to go through some difficulty in understanding what the author is trying to convey in his poem. The first quatrain of the poem began with a statement to puzzle upon ‘’Let me not to the marriage of true mind/Admit impedimentsRead MoreRule Analysis : Poetry By Poetry1353 Words   |  6 PagesRule Analysis: Poetry Introduction Poetry is a genre that expresses feeling through rhythm and tone, while creating a realistic vision of what the poet is imagining. Poems can either be short or could be lengthy, but they all have a meaning to them. A poem is often read for its message that it carries. The message is usually hidden in the context of the poem. Poetry is difficult because its language that is used is often indirect with the reader. There is no limit of subjects that can be used inRead MoreMaya Angelou655 Words   |  3 Pageseight, Angelou went mute for five years when she believed that her words killed a man. These years of silence helped develop her extraordinary memory, love for books and literature, and her ability to listen and observe the world around her. At age fourteen, Angelou dropped out of high school to be San Francisco’s first African-American cable car conductor. Maya returned to school, but became pregnant and graduated a few weeks before giving birth to her son Guy. She left h er home to raise her son as

Urban & Rural Solid Waste Management -Free-Samples for Students

Questions: What are the basic differences in between Urban and Rural Solid Waste Management systems? Answers: Introduction This project plan aims at establishing a waste management plan that is able to meet the current needs and future demand when it comes to solid waste management in rural areas. The plan will use the state adopted hierarchy strategies of managing solid waste. The project is motivated by the need to reduce solid waste which has become an issue in rural areas. Previously, the biggest concern for environmentalists and the government alike was management of solid waste materials in urban areas. The urban areas have high population density and there is a lot of use of manufactured goods which explains why there is a lot of solid waste in urban areas. However, management of solid waste in rural areas is becoming an issue of concern for the government and other stakeholders concerned with environmental sustainability. The government has not been able to formulate policies and finance solid waste management in rural areas. There is lack of sanitation facilities in most rural areas and hence ca using uncontrolled disposal sites which are located close to households and water bodies (Zarate, Slotnick and Ramos, 2008). Municipal, agricultural, construction and demolition waste is common in rural areas. This project aims at developing a waste management plan that has the support of the public and that which involves the public in minimization of solid waste. Recycling will also be used to minimize solid waste. Storage for solid waste will be provided using existing mechanisms such as dust bins. Aims and objectives of the study The aim of this study is to establish a solid waste management plan that is able to meet current and future needs pertaining solid waste management using the states` adopted hierarchy of waste management strategies. Objectives To secure maximum support from the public by carrying out educational programs and by encouraging public participation. To provide a solid waste collection and storage throughout Altona District by adopting existing mechanisms that have been found to work in other areas Research Questions What are the differences between urban and rural solid waste management systems? Can urban solid waste management plan be used to manage solid waste in the rural areas? What main improvements and changes can be made to the urban solid waste management to be used in rural solid waste management? How do activities such as educational campaigns, use of good quality bins with covers and collection of waste on a daily basis contribute to positive change in environment and health? Hypothesis H1.Improper disposal and littering of waste can be reduced through education campaigns and use of volunteers H2the use of proper covered bins can cause the least damage in terms of adverse ecosystem and habitat changes, and negative impacts on natural resources. Literature review Solid waste management in rural areas is a subject that has been researched highly by researchers and academicians in different fields. Interest in research in solid waste management in rural areas began in the 1990s. Countries were becoming more industrialized and the environmental effects of industrialization had spread wings to the rural areas (Wu et al., 2014). Before then, solid waste management was not a concern in rural areas since the waste from the rural areas mainly composed of agricultural refuse. With increasing industrialization and use of processed goods, solid waste especially polythene has become an issue in rural areas and it needs to be addressed urgently. Most rural household have been found to dump their solid waste in open dumping sites. This is because, the local governments have abandoned these areas since they believe that the solid waste management in rural areas is not their responsibility and that every household should take responsibility. The situation is the same globally with only 30% of the global rural population getting access to solid waste management services (Makarenko and Budak, 2017). In Australia, the composition of solid waste in rural areas is mainly agricultural and kitchen waste which can be used as manure. This is due to the consumption patterns of people in rural areas where the consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits, roots and other food items is very high. However, there is an increase in consumption of processed food which is packaged and hence resulting to solid waste that is inorganic. One of the techniques used to manage solid waste in rural areas is encouraging people to acquire bins that are divided into two sections. This bins are to be situated inside or near the house to enable the family members to dispose off their waste before its dumped at the main facility (Khatib and Al-Khateeb, 2009). The bin should be divided to enable separation of solid waste. Organic solid waste is disposed in one section while inorganic waste is disposed in the other section. By doing this it makes it easier for the authorities collecting the waste to separate the wa ste by either using different tracks or by having garbage trucks that are subdivided into sections. Means of solid waste collection in large scale is another critical issue in management of solid waste in rural areas. Effective means of collecting solid waste in Australia depends on type of vehicle and staffing. The local authorities however have failed to give attention to rural solid waste management. Some communities have contracted private solid waste management companies. These households contribute a monthly fee which is used to pay the companies to collect the waste on a regular basis. In most cases, collection is made three times in a weak. Adequate staff is important to manage rural solid waste effectively. This is because, the waste is bulky and this requires a lot of labor to load this waste (Food waste for fuel in rural Australia?, 2013). Management of common areas the disposal areas also requires staff. Community mobilization is identified as a major technique of effective rural solid waste management. Rural communities are closely neat and it is easy to bring people together and come up with common goals regarding environmental conservation and precisely solid waste management (Godura, Aggarwal and Bhatia, 2017). Communities are mobilized and educated on the methods they can use to manage solid waste in their households and in their locality in general. The sensitization programs have been found to be very effective in reducing solid waste in rural areas. Communities have also been able to come together and hire people to assist them in management of solid waste in their areas. Most households in rural areas have dumping sites near their homes where they dump their solid waste materials. Research indicates that most households do not separate waste when they are dumping the solid waste in these dumping sites. Dumping sites should be used to temporarily store solid waste before its collected for dumping to other areas. The dumping sites need to be maintained from time to time to ensure that they do not overflow and become hazardous to the environment (He, 2012). Households need to empty the dumping sites whenever they get full. They can seek the services of garbage collecting authorities to collect non-decomposable solid waste. Dumping sites for organic farm waste becomes compost manure and can be used as manure in the kitchen garden or can be sold to farmers to generate income. Research methodology This research will use qualitative research methods to collect and analyze data. The research involves investigating methods that can help to reduce solid waste in rural areas as well as contribute to proper storage of solid waste in rural areas in the district of Altona. The study aims at involving the public to help reduce and manage solid waste in rural areas by educating the public on the need and importance of conserving the environment. The qualitative research method is very suitable for this research since the nature of this subject requires descriptive data. The method is also justifiable for this study since the research mainly involves investigating the solid waste management methods used in urban areas and adjusting them to fit the current and future needs of solid waste management in rural areas. The research will collect primary data using survey method. Data will be collected using structured questionnaires. The population will be composed of community members who are keen on the environment as well as other stakeholders like the local county council, environment management authority nongovernmental organizations involving themselves in environmental conservation efforts (Chandrappa, R., Das, D. B. (2012 . Simple random sampling technique will be used to select sample population for the study and 55 respondents are needed to conduct this study successfully. The research will use secondary source of information to provide additional information required in this study. The secondary data sources that will be used include books, peer reviewed journals, thesis and dissertations, newspaper articles and internet sources of data. These sources are expected to provide enough information to answer the research questions. Data analysis methods Analysis of the data will begin with content analysis where the hypothesis identified at the beginning of the study and comparing the hypothesis with the data collected. The ideas that are closely related are grouped together and those that do not fit the profile are discarded. The data collected in this study is also analyzed using the historical data on the solid waste management methods that have been used in various places across the world. This data is compared with the waste management methods that have been identified as effective for rural areas Australia (Davis, 2014). The data will be presented using reports, graphs, tables and pictures where necessary. Experimental set-up The study will involve visiting the field to identify the extent of the solid waste problem in the locality so as to understand the real situation and what is exactly needed to solve the problem. Almost every aspect and activity that is undertaken in this research requires collaboration with the locals in the community (Kumar, 2009). The objectives of this study cannot be achieved unless the community is able to understand the reasons why the study is being carried and later support the solid waste management plans when implementation begins. The researcher will hold sections with environmental conservation groups in the regions to help organize the people to be involved in the study. The group will also be used to provide assess to amenities such as the hall where the respondents will meet and be briefed on the purpose of the study before they filled the questionnaire. The researcher will also visit the county council that is concerned with collection of solid waste in urban areas ( Ibrahim, Quaik Ismail, 2015). Information on the statistics on solid waste in the rural areas of Altona is collected from the county council. Expected outcome and relevance The study expects to come up with a detailed plan on how solid waste can be managed in the rural using with an adjustment of the methods used to manage solid waste in the urban areas. There are different types of solid waste in rural areas. Solid waste materials in rural areas are a bit different from those in urban areas. In the rural areas, solid waste may be composed of plant materials cut from bushes, solid kitchen waste, polythene materials used as food wrappers as well as old household items(United Nations Human Settlements Programme.2010).The plan is expected to come up with means of separating household waste into various waste categories to make it easier for the authorities in charge of managing the waste. Bins will be donated to all households and the households will be encouraged to dig composts where they can dispose off agricultural waste materials which are biodegradable and they can be used later as manure (Anand, 2010). Solid waste will be collected on a daily basis by the local authorities. The local community will be involved in monthly community cleaning to clean the streets and maintain good environment in the rural areas. Project plan Task/Activity Start date Days to complete Preparation of research materials 1/10/2017 7 Visiting and familiarizing the area of research 8/10/2017 6 Research proposal preparation 14/10/2017 14 Literature review 28/10/2027 20 Data collection 17/11/2017 30 Data analysis 17/12/2017 15 Preparation of report 3/1/2018 7/1/2018 Conclusion The report evaluates the methods that can be used to improve solid waste management in rural areas in Australia. Solid waste in rural areas in Australia has become an issue in the recent past due to a variety of factors. Some of these factors include neglect of rural areas by local authorities and changes in consumerism behavior of households in rural areas. The changes in consumer behavior by households in the rural areas in Australia have contributed to an increase in solid waste that is not organic. Some of the methods that are used to manage solid waste on rural areas include use of bins that are subdivided to help in separation of waste and hence making it easier to dispose off every type of solid waste easily. Communities have also been encouraged to contribute and pay the local authorities or private companies to manage solid waste in their locality. Trucks used for collecting solid waste needs to be specialized for that purpose and to ensure effective management of solid wast e. Households in the rural areas are encouraged to use empty dumping sites from time to time to avoid the solid becoming so much and filling the dump sites. Organic solid materials should be dumped separately so that it can be utilized later as manure. Rural households are also encouraged to reuse shopping bags and other materials that can be used more than once. References Anand, S. (2010). Solid Waste Management. New Delhi, Mittal Publications. https://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/8366334 Chang, N.-B., Pires, A. (2015). Sustainable solid waste management: a systems engineering approach. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1895822. Chandrappa, R., Das, D. B. (2012). Solid Waste Management: Principles And Practice. Berlin, Springer. Http://Public.Eblib.Com/Choice/Publicfullrecord.Aspx?p=972326 Davis, G. (2014). Global Resources Recovery, Reuse, Recycling and Conversion: An Overview from Queensland, Australia. The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 39(4), pp.225-233. https://modirio.com Food waste for fuel in rural Australia?. (2013). ECOS www.ecosmagazine.com/print/EC13083.htm. Godura, S., Aggarwal, A. and Bhatia, P. (2017). Municipal solid waste management index in urban areas: Delphi validated tool. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 20(3), p.215. www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJEWM.2017.087150 He, P. (2012). Municipal solid waste in rural areas of developing country: Do we need special treatment mode?. Waste Management, 32(7), pp.1289-1290. www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0956053X/32/7 Hiremath, S. S. (2011). Textbook Of Preventive And Community Dentistry. [S.l.], Elsevier India. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8131225305 Jayasinghe, R., Mushtaq, U., Smythe, T. A., Baillie, C. (2013). The Garbage Crisis: a Global Challenge For Engineers. Http://Public.Eblib.Com/Choice/Publicfullrecord.Aspx?p=947815. Khatib, I. and Al-Khateeb, N. (2009). Solid waste treatment opportunities in the Palestinian authority areas. Waste Management, 29(5), pp.1680-1684. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=113946440X Kumar, S. (2009). Solid Waste Management. New Delhi, Northern Book Centre. Makarenko, N. and Budak, O. (2017). Waste management in Ukraine: Municipal solid waste landfills and their impact on rural areas. Annals of Agrarian Science, 15(1), pp.80-87. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=113946440X S, K. K., Ibrahim, M. H., Quaik, S., Ismail, S. A. (2015). Prospects Of Organic Waste Management And The Significance Of Earthworms. Http://Search.Ebscohost.Com/Login.Aspx?Direct=TrueScope=SiteDb=NlebkDb=NlabkAn=1114426. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2010). Solid Waste Management In The World's Cities: Water And Sanitation In The World's Cities 2010. London, Un-Habitat/Earthscan. https://www.worldcat.org/title/solid-waste-management Wu, D., Zhang, C., L, F., Shao, L. and He, P. (2014). The operation of cost-effective on-site process for the bio-treatment of mixed municipal solid waste in rural areas. Waste Management, 34(6), pp.999-1005. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11783-015-0816-8 Zarate, M., Slotnick, J. and Ramos, M. (2008). Capacity building in rural Guatemala by implementing a solid waste management program. Waste Management, 28(12), pp.2542-2551. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/15cc/d0642c83a8469678dc083b992fbe5d758fe3.pdf